Usoskina Rosalia Yakovlevna (June 1912, Chișinău — ?) — physician.

Rosalia Usoskina began her education in 1920 in a primary school and in 1922 entered a gymnasium, which she completed in 1931. From 1937 to 1940, she lived in Romania, where she studied and worked in Bucharest at the Institute of Medical Cosmetology. In 1940–1941, she worked as a cosmetologist in a cosmetic clinic in Chișinău.

In 1941, she was evacuated first to the North Caucasus and later to Central Asia (Frunze). During the Second World War, she worked as deputy sanitary physician of the 1st City Hospital in Frunze, and later as a sanitary physician in the government canteen of the Council of People’s Commissars of the Latvian SSR.

In 1943, she entered the 2nd Frunze Medical Institute. In 1945, she transferred to the Latvian State University, from which she graduated in 1949. At the same time, she worked as a physician at the Research Institute of Orthopedics and Reconstructive Surgery in Riga until 1952. From September 1952, she served as a surgeon at the 3rd City Hospital.

Her father, Yakov Kelemanovich Shapiro, was a bank employee, and her mother, Alis Grigorievna Shapiro, was a physician. Both parents were killed by the Germans during evacuation on the road between Chișinău and Tiraspol.

Her husband, Samuil Ilyich Usoskin, was an inspector of the Riga City Executive Committee.

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