Sklyansky Efrem Markovich (Ger. Efraim Skljanski) (1892, Fastov, Vasilkov District, Kiev Province — 1925, Long Lake, USA) — statesman and military figure.

He became a member of the Russian Social Democratic Labour Party (RSDLP) in 1913. In 1916, he graduated from the Medical Faculty of Kyiv University.

During the First World War, he served as a regimental physician. After the February Revolution of 1917, he was elected chairman of the Council of Soldiers’ Deputies of the 38th Infantry Division, chairman of the soldiers’ committee of the 5th Army, and a member of the Dvinsk Committee of the Bolshevik Party (RSDLP[b]).

He was a delegate to the Second All-Russian Congress of Soviets and a member of its Presidium from the Bolshevik faction. During the October Revolution, he was a member of the Petrograd Military Revolutionary Committee.

From 27 October 1917, he served as a member of the Council of People’s Commissars (Sovnarkom) for Military and Naval Affairs, later becoming commissar of the General Staff and the Stavka of the Supreme Commander-in-Chief in Mogilev.

From November 1917, he was a member of the collegium and deputy People’s Commissar for Military Affairs. From March 1918, he was a member of the Supreme Military Council of the RSFSR, and from October 1918, deputy chairman of the Revolutionary Military Council of the Republic and a member of the Council of Defense.

In 1920–1921, he was a member of the Council of Labor and Defense and of the collegium of the People’s Commissariat of Health. He supported Leon Trotsky in the reform of the army.

In March 1924, he was transferred to the Supreme Council of the National Economy (VSNKh), where he headed the “Mossukno” trust.

According to the official version, he drowned during a business trip to the United States in 1925 (Long Lake).

He was a delegate to the 8th and 10th Congresses of the Russian Communist Party (Bolsheviks) and a member of the All-Russian Central Executive Committee (VTsIK) and the Central Executive Committee of the USSR (TsIK USSR).