Rudnitsky (Rudnitzky) (also Budnitsky)Kalman Noevich (1904, Dvinsk, now Daugavpils — 25 April 1938) — participant in the revolutionary movement, political prisoner, and victim of repression in the USSR.

Until 1915 Kalman Rudnitsky lived in Dvinsk, where he attended a Jewish school. In 1915 he moved with his family to Nizhny Novgorod. In 1920 he returned to Latvia.

In 1918–1920 he was a member of the Russian Communist Youth League (Komsomol). In 1925 he joined a trade union and was active in a workers’ club. In August 1928 he was arrested for calling on workers to strike. He was released on bail before trial and continued his activities in the trade union and workers’ club.

In February 1929 he joined the Communist Party of Latvia. On the eve of 1 May 1929 he was arrested again. In May 1929 a court hearing on the first case sentenced him to three years of corrective labour. In March 1930 a second trial sentenced him to four years of hard labour. He served his sentence in the Dvinsk (Daugavpils) and Riga Central Prisons.

After his release in March 1934 he was ordered to leave Latvia within two weeks because he did not possess Latvian citizenship (he held a so-called Nansen passport). He was expelled to the USSR, where he was not recognised as a political émigré.

After emigrating he lived in Gorky (formerly and now Nizhny Novgorod) and worked as a boring lathe operator in the tool workshop of the Molotov GAZ automobile plant. On 30 December 1937 he was arrested and accused under Article 58-6 of the RSFSR Criminal Code (espionage). By decision of a commission of the NKVD of the USSR and the Prosecutor of the USSR, he was sentenced to death and executed on 25 April 1938.