Landau Abraham Eber Hirshovich (26 October 1878, Rezhitsa (now -Rezekne) — 30 October 1959, Lausanne) — physician, scientist, and educator.

Abraham Eber Landau was born into a merchant’s family, the eldest of four sons. He studied in Rezhitsa and later at a gymnasium in Riga. Graduated from Yuryev University (now Tartu University), where he received a silver medal for his research “Moral and Political Views of Eurynides.”

He studied the central nervous system of ctenophores and artificial fertilization of sea urchins at a zoological station. In 1903, he worked in a histological laboratory in Munich, and from 1903 to 1904 served as an assistant at the Institute of Anatomy under P. Leshaft in St. Petersburg. In 1904, he returned to Yuryev to work on his doctoral dissertation.

From 1906 to 1912, he was an assistant at the Institute of Anatomy under Professor A. Rauber. In 1913, he became a professor at the University of Bern.

During World War I, Landau served as a military physician in a hospital in France, where he collected extensive neurological data (around 8,000 cases). His research focused on the relationship between skull and brain development.

After the war, he returned to Bern, continued his scientific work, and obtained Swiss citizenship. In 1923, he was invited to Lithuania to head the Department of Histology and Embryology at the University of Lithuania. He arrived in Kaunas on 28 November 1923.

While in Kaunas, he founded the department, imported modern equipment and instruments, and trained specialists. Within a year, he mastered Lithuanian, and began lecturing in it—though he could have continued teaching in Russian for two years under university policy.

Alongside his academic career, Landau maintained a private medical practice specializing in neurological disorders. In 1932, he returned to Switzerland, where he taught and conducted research at the University of Lausanne, retiring in 1950.

Landau authored 173 publications in German, French, Lithuanian, Latvian, Polish, Russian, and Italian, as well as a collection titled “Medical Stories.” Under his supervision, 12 doctoral dissertations were defended.

He was also an artist, chess player, and violinist.