Grulyov Mikhail Vladimirovich (1857, Rēzekne, Vitebsk Governorate — 1943, Nice, France) — military historian, lieutenant general (1912). Received a traditional Jewish education. Graduated from the Sebezh District School. In 1878, enrolled as a volunteer in the Krasnoyarsk Regiment; in 1879, converted to Orthodoxy and was enrolled at the Warsaw Cadet School. In 1882, commissioned as an officer. In 1888, graduated from the General Staff Academy; in 1889, attached to the General Staff. Served in the Amur and Turkestan military districts; made several trips to India, Egypt, China and Japan; headed a scientific expedition to Manchuria; conducted surveys necessary for the construction of the Chinese Eastern Railway; recommended the site for founding Harbin. During the Russo-Japanese War of 1904–05, commanded a regiment and then a division; distinguished himself in battles on the Sha River. In 1905–07, refused to participate in suppressing the revolutionary uprisings. In 1907–09, worked at the military-historical commission under the Main Directorate of the General Staff, compiling a description of the Russo-Japanese War; participated in compiling the “History of the Russo-Japanese War.” From 1910 — chief of staff of the Brest-Litovsk fortress. In 1912, threatened with dismissal for his radically spirited publications, resigned and settled in Nice. He began publishing in the late 1870s (poems in Hebrew in the newspaper “Ha-Tzefira”); from 1880, systematically published articles and notes on military matters in Russian periodicals, as well as descriptions of his travels. He was editor of the newspapers “Turkestanskie Vedomosti” and “Izvestia” of the Turkestan branch of the Russian Geographical Society, and assistant editor of the military journal “Razvedchik.” G.'s interest in Jewish life issues was expressed in a series of articles on the Dreyfus Affair and in the article “National and Religious Questions in the Face of War” (“Russky Vestnik,” 1905–07). The income from his memoir book “Memoirs of a Jewish General” he donated to the Jewish National Fund for the acquisition of land in Palestine.

Works: In the Staffs and on the Fields of the Far East. Vols. 1–2. St Petersburg, 1908; The Rivalry of Russia and Britain in Central Asia. St Petersburg, 1909; Memoirs of a Jewish General. Paris, 1930.

Lit.: Gaivorovsky K. A Jewish General of the Russian Army Vesti Segodnya. No. 111. 16.05.2008. REE