Lipschutz Alexander (1883, Riga – after 1960, Santiago), physiologist and oncologist.

Alexander Lipschutz received his medical education at the universities of Berlin, Zurich and Göttingen (1901–07). He worked as a physician at a Swiss home for epileptics (1908); served as an assistant at the departments of pharmacology and physiology at the universities of Göttingen, Bonn and Bern; and from 1915 to 1919 was a Privatdozent in physiology at the University of Bern. Between 1919 and 1926 he was professor and dean of the Department of Physiology at the University of Tartu in Estonia.

From 1926 he lived in Chile, working at the University of Concepción (Santiago) until 1936. From 1937 to 1960 he served as director of the Institute of Experimental Medicine of the Chilean National Health Service. He was also president of the Chilean Society for Cultural Relations with the USSR.

Lipschutz’s scientific works were devoted to questions of physiology, endocrinology, experimental medicine, oncology, the physiology of death (1915), the internal secretion of the sex glands (1924), ovarian transplantation (1930), and the influence of steroid hormones on tumour processes (1950). For many years he conducted research on experimental tumours and on the carcinogenic and anti-tumour effects of sex hormones.

He authored several books, including Why We Die (1914; Russian translation 1925), Science and the Universe (1939), Three Physicians of Modernity – Pavlov, Freud, Schweitzer (1958), and others. He was an honorary member of the Royal Medical Society (United Kingdom).