Likhmanis (Lichmanis) (née Shafer) Zinaida Israilevna (29 August 1922, Karochi, Belgorod Region) — factory worker.

Zinaida Likhmanis was born into the family of Israel Yakovlevich Shafer (1888, Karochi, Belgorod Region – 1951, Kharkov) and Nadezhda Ivanovna Shafer (née Rauss) (1890, Kaunas, Lithuania – 1964, Riga). She completed seven classes at a Kharkov school (1938), worked as a coil winder at the Kharkov Electromechanical factory (1939–1941), and was evacuated to Prokopyevsk, Kemerovo Region, where she worked as a coil winder at Factory No. 661 (1941–1944). Later, until 1945 she was a homemaker (1944–1945, Prokopyevsk, Kemerovo Region). After returning to Riga, she remained a homemaker (1945–1948). She worked as a coil winder at the VEF factory (1948–1949), at the Latvenergo factory (1949–1950), and at the Glavlesozapchast factory (1950–1953). She was again a homemaker in 1953–1958, then worked as a coil winder at the Glavlesozapchast factory (1958–1968), and later was again a homemaker (1968–1971).

In her marriage to Efim Moiseevich Likhmanis (b. 1922, Riga), two children were born: Valentina Efimovna Tvardovskaya (née Likhmanis) (1944, Kemerovo Region) and Boris Efimovich Likhmanis (1946, Riga).

In 1971, Zinaida Likhmanis received permission to emigrate to Israel, where since 1957 her husband’s cousin, Marek Singer (1933), had been living.

Family

Israel Yakovlevich Shafer (1888–1951) — father
Nadezhda Ivanovna Shafer (née Rauss) (1890–1964) — mother
Elizabeta Israilevna Skorokhodova (née Shafer) (b. 1919, Karochi, Belgorod Region) — sister
Efim Moiseyevich Likhmanis (b. 1922) — husband
Valentina Efimovna Tvardovskaya (née Likhmanis) (b. 1944) — daughter
Boris Efimovich Likhmanis (b. 1946) — son
Marek Singer (b. 1933) — husband’s cousin